重要實務
【高雄-帝謙法律事務所/土地重要實務(8)】依耕地三七五減租條例訂立之租約，在未屆期前之終止，應依同條例第十七條規定辦理。
2014.3.4 高雄律師-楊岡儒律師
發文單位：司法院
解釋字號：釋字第125號
解釋日期：民國57年10月30日
解釋爭點：
依耕地三七五減租條例訂立之租約，在未屆期前之終止，其法律依據為何？
資料來源：司法院大法官會議解釋彙編 第 300 頁
司法院大法官解釋（一）（98年10月版）第 370-371 頁
解 釋 文：
依耕地三七五減租條例訂立之租約，在租佃期限未屆滿前，得終止之情形，同條例第十七條已有規定，無土地法第一百十四條及民法第四百三十八條有關終止租約規定之適用。
理由書：
關於耕地租賃契約之終止，土地法及民法雖均設有規定，唯耕地三七五減租條例第十七條明文規定，耕地租佃期限未屆滿前，非有左列情形之一，不得終止。是出租人終止租約，僅限於有該條各款所定情形之一者始得為之，文義至為明顯。依同條例第一條前段，應無適用土地法第一百十四條及民法第四百三十八條規定以終止租約之餘地。至承租人違反上開民法及土地法之規定出租人得依法請求回復原狀或損害賠償，或本於耕地三七五減租條例第十六條第二項主張租約無效，均屬別一問題，併此指明。
J. Y. Interpretation No.125
Date 1968.10.30
Issue
Are Article 114 of the Land Act and Article 438 of the Civil Code governing the termination of a lease contract applicable to the termination of a farmland lease contract entered into under the Act Governing Reduction of Farm Rent to 37.5 Percent?
Holding
The conditions for ending a cultivated land lease contract before its term has expired are regulated by Article 17 of the Act Governing Reduction of Farm Rent to 37.5 Percent. Provisions on ending a lease contract in Article 114 of the Land Act and Article 438 of the Civil Code should not be applied.
Reasoning
Although there are respective provisions on ending a cultivated land lease contract in the Land Act and Civil Code, Article 17 of the Act Governing Reduction of Farm Rent to 37.5 Percent explicitly stipulates that before its term has expired no cultivated land lease contract may be ended without satisfaction of one of the listed requirements. By its wording, it is therefore obvious that a landowner may end a contract only when one of the conditions occurs. According to Article 1 of the Act, provisions on ending a lease contract in Article 114 of the Land Act and Article 438 of the Civil Code should not be applied. It should be pointed out that when a tenant violates the above provisions in the Land Act and Civil Code, a landowner has the right to apply for rehabilitation and compensation, or to claim the contract to be null and void according to Article 16, Paragraph 2, of the Act Governing Reduction of Farm Rent to 37.5 Percent.
Translated by Dr. F. T. Liao, Assistant Research Fellow, Institute of European and American Studies, Academia Sinica.
解釋字號：釋字第125號
解釋日期：民國57年10月30日
解釋爭點：
依耕地三七五減租條例訂立之租約，在未屆期前之終止，其法律依據為何？
資料來源：司法院大法官會議解釋彙編 第 300 頁
司法院大法官解釋（一）（98年10月版）第 370-371 頁
解 釋 文：
依耕地三七五減租條例訂立之租約，在租佃期限未屆滿前，得終止之情形，同條例第十七條已有規定，無土地法第一百十四條及民法第四百三十八條有關終止租約規定之適用。
理由書：
關於耕地租賃契約之終止，土地法及民法雖均設有規定，唯耕地三七五減租條例第十七條明文規定，耕地租佃期限未屆滿前，非有左列情形之一，不得終止。是出租人終止租約，僅限於有該條各款所定情形之一者始得為之，文義至為明顯。依同條例第一條前段，應無適用土地法第一百十四條及民法第四百三十八條規定以終止租約之餘地。至承租人違反上開民法及土地法之規定出租人得依法請求回復原狀或損害賠償，或本於耕地三七五減租條例第十六條第二項主張租約無效，均屬別一問題，併此指明。
J. Y. Interpretation No.125
Date 1968.10.30
Issue
Are Article 114 of the Land Act and Article 438 of the Civil Code governing the termination of a lease contract applicable to the termination of a farmland lease contract entered into under the Act Governing Reduction of Farm Rent to 37.5 Percent?
Holding
The conditions for ending a cultivated land lease contract before its term has expired are regulated by Article 17 of the Act Governing Reduction of Farm Rent to 37.5 Percent. Provisions on ending a lease contract in Article 114 of the Land Act and Article 438 of the Civil Code should not be applied.
Reasoning
Although there are respective provisions on ending a cultivated land lease contract in the Land Act and Civil Code, Article 17 of the Act Governing Reduction of Farm Rent to 37.5 Percent explicitly stipulates that before its term has expired no cultivated land lease contract may be ended without satisfaction of one of the listed requirements. By its wording, it is therefore obvious that a landowner may end a contract only when one of the conditions occurs. According to Article 1 of the Act, provisions on ending a lease contract in Article 114 of the Land Act and Article 438 of the Civil Code should not be applied. It should be pointed out that when a tenant violates the above provisions in the Land Act and Civil Code, a landowner has the right to apply for rehabilitation and compensation, or to claim the contract to be null and void according to Article 16, Paragraph 2, of the Act Governing Reduction of Farm Rent to 37.5 Percent.
Translated by Dr. F. T. Liao, Assistant Research Fellow, Institute of European and American Studies, Academia Sinica.
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