重要實務
【高雄-帝謙法律事務所/土地重要實務(23)】民法及解釋就不動產設定抵押權後再設定之其他權利，不得影響原抵押權之規定合憲。
2014.3.25 高雄律師-楊岡儒律師
發文單位： 司法院
解釋字號： 釋字第 304 號
解釋日期： 民國 81 年 08 月 14 日
解釋爭點：
民法第八百六十六條及院字第一四四六號解釋，不動產設定抵押權後再設定之其他權利，不得影響原抵押權，是否合憲？
資料來源：
司法院公報 第 34 卷 10 期 9-11 頁
法院辦理民事執行實務參考手冊（附錄）第 14-15 頁
司法院大法官解釋（五）（98年10月版）第 175-179 頁
相關法條：
中華民國憲法 第 15 條 ( 36.01.01 )
民法 第 226、866、867、873 條 ( 74.06.03 )
解 釋 文：
民法第八百六十六條規定：「不動產所有人設定抵押權後，於同一不動產上得設定地上權及其他權利。但其抵押權不因此而受影響」，如其抵押權因設定地上權或其他權利而受影響者，本院院字第一四四六號解釋認為對於抵押權人不生效力，抵押權人聲請拍賣抵押物時，執行法院自可依法逕予執行，乃因抵押權為物權，經登記而生公示之效力，在登記後就抵押物取得地上權或其他使用收益之權利者，自不得使登記在先之抵押權受其影響，如該項地上權或其他使用收益之權利於抵押權無影響時，仍得繼續存在，已兼顧在後取得權利者之權益，首開法條及本院解釋與憲法並無牴觸。
理 由 書：
民法第八百六十六條規定：「不動產所有人設定抵押權後，於同一不動產上得設定地上權及其他權利。但其抵押權不因此而受影響」，如其抵押權因設定地上權或其他權利而受影響者，本院院字第一四四六號解釋認為對於抵押權人不生效力，抵押權人聲請拍賣抵押物時，執行法院自可依法逕予執行，乃因抵押權為物權，經登記而生公示之效力，在抵押權登記後就抵押物取得地上權或其他使用收益之權利者，自不得使登記在先之抵押權受其影響。故所有人於抵押權設定後，在抵押物上所設定之地上權或其他使用收益之權利於抵押權有影響者，在抵押權人聲請拍賣抵押物時，發生無人應買或出價不足清償抵押債權之情形，即須除去該項權利而為拍賣，並於拍定後解除被除去權利者之占有而點交於拍定人，乃為使抵押權人得依抵押權設定時之權利狀態而受清償所必要。反之，如該項地上權或其他使用收益之權利於抵押權無影響時，仍得繼續存在，已兼顧在後取得權利者之權益。民法第八百六十六條但書之規定及本院院字第一四四六號解釋，與憲法保障人民權利之意旨，並無牴觸。
該會議由司法院林院長洋港擔任主席，大法官張承韜﹑楊建華﹑楊日然﹑翟紹先﹑劉鐵錚﹑翁岳生﹑楊與齡﹑吳庚﹑張特生﹑史錫恩﹑李志鵬﹑馬漢寶出席，會中通過之解釋文﹑解釋理由書該院以院令公布。
J. Y. Interpretation No. 304
Date 1992.8.14
Issue
Do the proviso to Article 866 of the Civil Code and J. Y. Interpretation Yuan-tze No.1446, which maintain that superficies or other rights to use and collect benefits created after the registration of a mortgage should not affect the mortgagee’s right, contradict the people’s property rights guaranteed by the Constitution?
Holding
Article 866 of the Civil Code stipulates that, “After the creation of a mortgage, the owner of a real property may create superficies and other rights on the same real property provided that the mortgage shall not be affected thereby.” If the mortgage is affected because of the creation of superficies or other rights, according to J. Y. Interpretation Yuan-tze No. 1446, such superficies or rights shall not be effective against the mortgagee, and the Enforcement Court can directly enforce the execution of an auction for the mortgaged real property upon the mortgagee’s application. Because the mortgage is a right over things and will become public upon registration, the superficies or other rights to use and collect benefits on the mortgaged real property, which were obtained after the registration of the mortgage, shall not affect the mortgage registered prior to such superficies and rights. Such superficies or other rights to use and collect benefits may continue to exist if neither affects the mortgage. The rights of the one who obtains such superficies and other rights after the registration of the mortgage have been taken into consideration. Thus, the aforesaid Article 866 of the Civil Code and J. Y. Interpretation Yuan-tze No. 1446 do not contradict the Constitution.
Reasoning
Article 866 of the Civil Code stipulates that “After the creation of a mortgage, the owner of a real property may create superficies and other rights on the same real property provided that the mortgage shall not be affected thereby.” If the mortgage is affected because of the creation of superficies or other rights, according to J. Y. Interpretation Yuan-tze No. 1446, such superficies or rights shall not be effective against the mortgagee, and the Enforcement Court can directly enforce the execution of an auction for the mortgaged real property upon the mortgagee’s application. Because the mortgage is a right over things and will become public upon registration, the superficies or other rights to use and collect benefits on the mortgaged real property, which were obtained after the registration of the mortgage, shall not affect the mortgage registered prior to such superficies and rights. If the mortgage is affected by the superficies or other rights to use and collect benefits which were created by the owner on the mortgaged real property after the creation of the mortgage, and where the mortgagee applies for the auction of the mortgaged real property, and no person proposed a purchase, or where the proposed purchase price is insufficient for the repayment of the claim secured by such mortgage, the Enforcement Court shall then enforce an auction by removing said rights and, after the real property is auctioned, release the possession of the party whose rights had been removed to the buyer.This is necessary for the mortgagee to be repaid in the same status as when the mortgage was created. In contrast, such superficies or other rights to use and collect benefits will continuously exist where neither of these affects the mortgage. The rights of the one who obtains such superficies and other rights after the registration of the mortgage have been taken into consideration. Thus, the aforesaid provision in Article 866 of the Civil Code and J. Y. Interpretation Yuan-tze No. 1446 do not contradict the principle of the protection of the people’s rights under the Constitution.
Translated by John C. Chen.
解釋字號： 釋字第 304 號
解釋日期： 民國 81 年 08 月 14 日
解釋爭點：
民法第八百六十六條及院字第一四四六號解釋，不動產設定抵押權後再設定之其他權利，不得影響原抵押權，是否合憲？
資料來源：
司法院公報 第 34 卷 10 期 9-11 頁
法院辦理民事執行實務參考手冊（附錄）第 14-15 頁
司法院大法官解釋（五）（98年10月版）第 175-179 頁
相關法條：
中華民國憲法 第 15 條 ( 36.01.01 )
民法 第 226、866、867、873 條 ( 74.06.03 )
解 釋 文：
民法第八百六十六條規定：「不動產所有人設定抵押權後，於同一不動產上得設定地上權及其他權利。但其抵押權不因此而受影響」，如其抵押權因設定地上權或其他權利而受影響者，本院院字第一四四六號解釋認為對於抵押權人不生效力，抵押權人聲請拍賣抵押物時，執行法院自可依法逕予執行，乃因抵押權為物權，經登記而生公示之效力，在登記後就抵押物取得地上權或其他使用收益之權利者，自不得使登記在先之抵押權受其影響，如該項地上權或其他使用收益之權利於抵押權無影響時，仍得繼續存在，已兼顧在後取得權利者之權益，首開法條及本院解釋與憲法並無牴觸。
理 由 書：
民法第八百六十六條規定：「不動產所有人設定抵押權後，於同一不動產上得設定地上權及其他權利。但其抵押權不因此而受影響」，如其抵押權因設定地上權或其他權利而受影響者，本院院字第一四四六號解釋認為對於抵押權人不生效力，抵押權人聲請拍賣抵押物時，執行法院自可依法逕予執行，乃因抵押權為物權，經登記而生公示之效力，在抵押權登記後就抵押物取得地上權或其他使用收益之權利者，自不得使登記在先之抵押權受其影響。故所有人於抵押權設定後，在抵押物上所設定之地上權或其他使用收益之權利於抵押權有影響者，在抵押權人聲請拍賣抵押物時，發生無人應買或出價不足清償抵押債權之情形，即須除去該項權利而為拍賣，並於拍定後解除被除去權利者之占有而點交於拍定人，乃為使抵押權人得依抵押權設定時之權利狀態而受清償所必要。反之，如該項地上權或其他使用收益之權利於抵押權無影響時，仍得繼續存在，已兼顧在後取得權利者之權益。民法第八百六十六條但書之規定及本院院字第一四四六號解釋，與憲法保障人民權利之意旨，並無牴觸。
該會議由司法院林院長洋港擔任主席，大法官張承韜﹑楊建華﹑楊日然﹑翟紹先﹑劉鐵錚﹑翁岳生﹑楊與齡﹑吳庚﹑張特生﹑史錫恩﹑李志鵬﹑馬漢寶出席，會中通過之解釋文﹑解釋理由書該院以院令公布。
J. Y. Interpretation No. 304
Date 1992.8.14
Issue
Do the proviso to Article 866 of the Civil Code and J. Y. Interpretation Yuan-tze No.1446, which maintain that superficies or other rights to use and collect benefits created after the registration of a mortgage should not affect the mortgagee’s right, contradict the people’s property rights guaranteed by the Constitution?
Holding
Article 866 of the Civil Code stipulates that, “After the creation of a mortgage, the owner of a real property may create superficies and other rights on the same real property provided that the mortgage shall not be affected thereby.” If the mortgage is affected because of the creation of superficies or other rights, according to J. Y. Interpretation Yuan-tze No. 1446, such superficies or rights shall not be effective against the mortgagee, and the Enforcement Court can directly enforce the execution of an auction for the mortgaged real property upon the mortgagee’s application. Because the mortgage is a right over things and will become public upon registration, the superficies or other rights to use and collect benefits on the mortgaged real property, which were obtained after the registration of the mortgage, shall not affect the mortgage registered prior to such superficies and rights. Such superficies or other rights to use and collect benefits may continue to exist if neither affects the mortgage. The rights of the one who obtains such superficies and other rights after the registration of the mortgage have been taken into consideration. Thus, the aforesaid Article 866 of the Civil Code and J. Y. Interpretation Yuan-tze No. 1446 do not contradict the Constitution.
Reasoning
Article 866 of the Civil Code stipulates that “After the creation of a mortgage, the owner of a real property may create superficies and other rights on the same real property provided that the mortgage shall not be affected thereby.” If the mortgage is affected because of the creation of superficies or other rights, according to J. Y. Interpretation Yuan-tze No. 1446, such superficies or rights shall not be effective against the mortgagee, and the Enforcement Court can directly enforce the execution of an auction for the mortgaged real property upon the mortgagee’s application. Because the mortgage is a right over things and will become public upon registration, the superficies or other rights to use and collect benefits on the mortgaged real property, which were obtained after the registration of the mortgage, shall not affect the mortgage registered prior to such superficies and rights. If the mortgage is affected by the superficies or other rights to use and collect benefits which were created by the owner on the mortgaged real property after the creation of the mortgage, and where the mortgagee applies for the auction of the mortgaged real property, and no person proposed a purchase, or where the proposed purchase price is insufficient for the repayment of the claim secured by such mortgage, the Enforcement Court shall then enforce an auction by removing said rights and, after the real property is auctioned, release the possession of the party whose rights had been removed to the buyer.This is necessary for the mortgagee to be repaid in the same status as when the mortgage was created. In contrast, such superficies or other rights to use and collect benefits will continuously exist where neither of these affects the mortgage. The rights of the one who obtains such superficies and other rights after the registration of the mortgage have been taken into consideration. Thus, the aforesaid provision in Article 866 of the Civil Code and J. Y. Interpretation Yuan-tze No. 1446 do not contradict the principle of the protection of the people’s rights under the Constitution.
Translated by John C. Chen.
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