重要實務
【高雄-帝謙法律事務所/土地重要實務(28)】土地法明定土地登記代理人應依法考選銓定，並就修法前已從事代理業務者之繼續執業作相關過渡規定合憲。
2014.4.01 高雄律師-楊岡儒律師
發文單位： 司法院
解釋字號： 釋字第 352 號
解釋日期： 民國 83 年 6 月 17 日
解釋爭點：
土地法明定土地登記代理人應依法考選銓定，並就修法前已從事代理業務者之繼續執業作相關過渡規定，是否違憲？
資料來源：
司法院公報 第 36 卷 8 期 21-23 頁
總統府公報 第 5901 號 8-12 頁
司法院大法官解釋（六）（98年10月版）第 266-271 頁
相關法條：
土地法 第 37-1 條 ( 78.12.29 )
解 釋 文：
土地登記專業代理人係屬專門職業，依憲法第八十六條第二款規定，其執業資格應依法考選銓定之。中華民國七十八年十二月二十九日修正公布之土地法第三十七條之一第二項規定，符合上開意旨，與憲法並無牴觸。
理 由 書：
土地登記涉及人民財產權益，其以代理當事人申辦土地登記為職業者，須具備相關之專業知識與經驗，始能勝任，是故土地登記專業代理人係屬專門職業。憲法第八十六條第二款規定，專門職業人員之執業資格，應依法考選銓定之。中華民國七十八年十二月二十九日修正公布之土地法第三十七條之一第二項規定：「土地登記專業代理人，應經土地登記專業代理人考試或檢覈及格。但在本法修正施行前，已從事土地登記專業代理業務，並曾領有政府發給土地代書人登記合格證明或代理他人申辦土地登記案件專業人員登記卡者，得繼續執業，未領有土地代書人登記合格證明或登記卡，得繼續執業五年」，旨在建立健全之土地登記專業代理人制度，符合憲法規定之意旨。且該法對修正施行前，已從事土地登記專業代理業務，並依照當時法規取得合格證明或登記卡者，准予繼續執業。至於實際上已從事土地登記代理業，而未取得合格證明或登記卡者，本無合法權利可言。而上開法條既定有五年之相當期間，使其在此期間內，自行決定是否參加考試或檢覈，或改業，已充分兼顧其利益，並無法律效力溯及既往之問題。綜上所述，前開土地法之規定，與憲法並無牴觸。
J. Y. Interpretation No. 352
Date 1994.6.17
Issue
Is Section 37-1 of the Land Act inconsistent with Article 86, Item 2, of the Constitution?
Holding
The capacity to practice as a land scrivener, a specific profession, as prescribed in Article 86, Item 2, of the Constitution, shall be designated and accredited by the Ministry of Examination. Article 37-1, Paragraph 2, of the Land Act coincides with the above rationale and is hence consistent with the Constitution.
Reasoning
The registration of land involves the interest of the people in their estate. The land scrivener who is capable of dealing with land registration as a profession on behalf of clients is required to have relevant specific knowledge and expertise. Hence, the position of land scrivener is regarded as a specific profession. As prescribed in Article 86, Item 2, of the Constitution, the capacity to practice as a professional shall be designated and accredited by the Ministry of Examination. Article 37-1, Paragraph 2, of the Land Act as amended and promulgated on December 29, 1989, prescribes that “the land scrivener shall satisfy the criteria of or be accredited by the examiners for the position of land scrivener provided that, however, prior to the amendment and promulgation of said Act, those who have been practicing as land scriveners and upon whom the government has conferred the certificate of land scrivener or who have been engaging in business and have applied on behalf of others for the registration card of a professional for cases involving land registration shall be allowed to continue in practice. Those who have not received the said certificate or the said registration card may continue to practice for five years.” The purport of the above Article is to establish a sound system with respect to the position of land scrivener, thus coinciding with the essence of the relevant stipulation in the Constitution. Further, the said Act allows those who have been engaging in the practice of land registration in the capacity of land scrivener and have acquired pursuant to the relevant law at that time the certificate or registration card for such a qualification to continue to practice. For those who have been engaging in the practice of land registration and have yet to acquire any certificate or registration card for such a qualification, no legitimate right may be sustained. The said Act allows five years as the period of grace, within which those who have not yet obtained a certificate or registration card may decide whether to attend the examination, to apply for accreditation, or to change careers, thus sufficiently taking their interest into consideration. The doctrine concerning the retrospective effect in the application of law is not an issue involved hereof. To sum up, the said Article of the Land Act is not inconsistent with the Constitution.
'Translated by Dr. Cheng-Hwa Kwang, Professor of Law, Ming Chuan University
解釋字號： 釋字第 352 號
解釋日期： 民國 83 年 6 月 17 日
解釋爭點：
土地法明定土地登記代理人應依法考選銓定，並就修法前已從事代理業務者之繼續執業作相關過渡規定，是否違憲？
資料來源：
司法院公報 第 36 卷 8 期 21-23 頁
總統府公報 第 5901 號 8-12 頁
司法院大法官解釋（六）（98年10月版）第 266-271 頁
相關法條：
土地法 第 37-1 條 ( 78.12.29 )
解 釋 文：
土地登記專業代理人係屬專門職業，依憲法第八十六條第二款規定，其執業資格應依法考選銓定之。中華民國七十八年十二月二十九日修正公布之土地法第三十七條之一第二項規定，符合上開意旨，與憲法並無牴觸。
理 由 書：
土地登記涉及人民財產權益，其以代理當事人申辦土地登記為職業者，須具備相關之專業知識與經驗，始能勝任，是故土地登記專業代理人係屬專門職業。憲法第八十六條第二款規定，專門職業人員之執業資格，應依法考選銓定之。中華民國七十八年十二月二十九日修正公布之土地法第三十七條之一第二項規定：「土地登記專業代理人，應經土地登記專業代理人考試或檢覈及格。但在本法修正施行前，已從事土地登記專業代理業務，並曾領有政府發給土地代書人登記合格證明或代理他人申辦土地登記案件專業人員登記卡者，得繼續執業，未領有土地代書人登記合格證明或登記卡，得繼續執業五年」，旨在建立健全之土地登記專業代理人制度，符合憲法規定之意旨。且該法對修正施行前，已從事土地登記專業代理業務，並依照當時法規取得合格證明或登記卡者，准予繼續執業。至於實際上已從事土地登記代理業，而未取得合格證明或登記卡者，本無合法權利可言。而上開法條既定有五年之相當期間，使其在此期間內，自行決定是否參加考試或檢覈，或改業，已充分兼顧其利益，並無法律效力溯及既往之問題。綜上所述，前開土地法之規定，與憲法並無牴觸。
J. Y. Interpretation No. 352
Date 1994.6.17
Issue
Is Section 37-1 of the Land Act inconsistent with Article 86, Item 2, of the Constitution?
Holding
The capacity to practice as a land scrivener, a specific profession, as prescribed in Article 86, Item 2, of the Constitution, shall be designated and accredited by the Ministry of Examination. Article 37-1, Paragraph 2, of the Land Act coincides with the above rationale and is hence consistent with the Constitution.
Reasoning
The registration of land involves the interest of the people in their estate. The land scrivener who is capable of dealing with land registration as a profession on behalf of clients is required to have relevant specific knowledge and expertise. Hence, the position of land scrivener is regarded as a specific profession. As prescribed in Article 86, Item 2, of the Constitution, the capacity to practice as a professional shall be designated and accredited by the Ministry of Examination. Article 37-1, Paragraph 2, of the Land Act as amended and promulgated on December 29, 1989, prescribes that “the land scrivener shall satisfy the criteria of or be accredited by the examiners for the position of land scrivener provided that, however, prior to the amendment and promulgation of said Act, those who have been practicing as land scriveners and upon whom the government has conferred the certificate of land scrivener or who have been engaging in business and have applied on behalf of others for the registration card of a professional for cases involving land registration shall be allowed to continue in practice. Those who have not received the said certificate or the said registration card may continue to practice for five years.” The purport of the above Article is to establish a sound system with respect to the position of land scrivener, thus coinciding with the essence of the relevant stipulation in the Constitution. Further, the said Act allows those who have been engaging in the practice of land registration in the capacity of land scrivener and have acquired pursuant to the relevant law at that time the certificate or registration card for such a qualification to continue to practice. For those who have been engaging in the practice of land registration and have yet to acquire any certificate or registration card for such a qualification, no legitimate right may be sustained. The said Act allows five years as the period of grace, within which those who have not yet obtained a certificate or registration card may decide whether to attend the examination, to apply for accreditation, or to change careers, thus sufficiently taking their interest into consideration. The doctrine concerning the retrospective effect in the application of law is not an issue involved hereof. To sum up, the said Article of the Land Act is not inconsistent with the Constitution.
'Translated by Dr. Cheng-Hwa Kwang, Professor of Law, Ming Chuan University
今日瀏覽人數：4194 總瀏覽人數：9567177
|
帝謙高雄法律事務所 | 關於高雄律師 | 高雄法律顧問 | 高雄律師服務項目 | 不動產律師 | 高雄律師專欄 | 高雄律師法律諮詢 | 高雄律師最新消息 | 聯絡高雄律師 |
|
電話：(07)558-9090 傳真：(07)558-9010 地址：813 高雄市左營區明華一路350號11樓之2  Copyright © 2013-2015 Deep-Change Law Firm, All Rights Reserved 網頁設計:uuTaiwan |
友情連結 |
帝謙法律事務所是國內專業的律師事務所，我們提供專業的法律諮詢、民事訴訟、刑事訴訟、行政訴訟訴願、保險理賠、撰寫存證信函、律師信函、不動產法律、遺產繼承規劃、常年法律顧問、契約撰擬…及其他法律專案，高雄律師團隊經驗豐富、辦案認真，積極處理並以同理心處理每個客戶所委託的案件。