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重要實務

【高雄-帝謙法律事務所/土地重要實務(4)】已登記之不動產所有人行使回復請求權時,無民法第一百二十五條消滅時效規定之適用。

2014.2.18  高雄律師-楊岡儒律師

發文單位:司法院
解釋字號:釋 字第 107 號
解釋日期:民國 54 年 06 月 16 日
解釋爭點:已登記不動產所有人之回復請求權,有無消滅時效規定之適用?
資料來源:司法院大法官會議解釋彙編 第 212 頁
     司法院大法官解釋(一)(98年10月版)第 259-266 頁
相關法條:民法 第 125 條  ( 19.12.26 )
解  釋  文:
  已登記不動產所有人之回復請求權,無民法第一百二十五條消滅時效規定之適用。

理 由 書:
  查民法第七百六十九條、第七百七十條,僅對於占有他人未登記之不動產者許其得請求登記為所有人,而關於已登記之不動產,則無相同之規定,足見已登記之不動產,不適用關於取得時效之規定,為適應此項規定,其回復請求權,應無民法第一百二十五條消滅時效之適用。復查民法第七百五十八條規定:「不動產物權,依法律行為而取得、設定、喪失、及變更者,非經登記不生效力」,土地法第四十三條規定:「依本法所為之登記,有絕對效力」。若許已登記之不動產所有人回復請求權,得罹於時效而消滅,將使登記制度,失其效用。況已登記之不動產所有權人,既列名於登記簿上,必須依法負擔稅捐,而其占有人又不能依取得時效取得所有權,倘所有權人復得因消滅時效喪失回復請求權,將永久負擔義務,顯失情法之平。本院院字第一八三三號解釋,係對未登記不動產所有人之回復請求權而發。至已登記不動產所有人回復請求權,無民法第一百二十五條消滅時效規定之適用,應予補充解釋。

J. Y. Interpretation NO.107
Date 1965.6.16
Issue:Is the statute of limitation stipulated in Article 125 of the Civil Code applicable to the real property duly registered with the Land Registration Office?
Holding:The reference to a statute of limitation stipulated in Article 125 of the Civil Code, within which an estate owner may claim the right to repossession, is inapplicable to registered estate owners.

Reasoning:
  Articles 769 and 770 of the Civil Code are solely concerned with an adverse possessor's application for title to an unregistered estate and have no application to registered estates. It follows that the statute of limitation, after which an adverse possessor may claim title by possession, does not apply to registered estates. In accordance with the foregoing, there is no scope for the application of a statute of limitation in Article 125 of the Civil Code on the registered estate owner's right to repossession. Article 758 of the Civil Code prescribes: "title to real property which has been acquired, encumbered, lost, or altered through the operation of law is ineffective unless it is registered." According to Article 43 of the Land Act, "registration under this Act gives rise to a good title against the world." The allowance to the registered owner of a right of repossession would lead to termination of the right due to lapse of the statute of limitation, making the registration system redundant. It would also lead to the unfair result of the registered owner having to bear all the tax and other burdens in relation to the land, despite losing the right to repossession due to lapse of the statute of limitation. This is because the owner, being on the land registry, must bear all the tax and other land-related burdens under the law, and the possessor cannot claim title by adverse possession upon the expiration of the statute of limitation. This Yuan's Interpretation Yuan-tze No.1833 seeks to clarify the right to repossession of unregistered estate owners. It should be added that, as to a registered estate owner's right to repossession, there is no scope for the application of the Civil Code Article 125 statute of limitation.

Translated by Wei-Feng Huang.

 


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