重要實務
【高雄-帝謙法律事務所/土地重要實務(6)】同一不動產上設定抵押權後復設定典權，若拍賣所得不足清償抵押債權時，得除去典權，重行估價拍賣。
2014.2.25 高雄律師-楊岡儒律師
發文單位：司法院
解釋字號：釋字第 119 號
解釋日期：民國 56 年 02 月 01 日
解釋爭點：同一不動產上設定抵押權後復設定典權，若拍賣所得不足清償抵押債權時，得否除去典權，重行估價拍賣？
資料來源：司法院大法官會議解釋彙編 第 280 頁
法院辦理民事執行實務參考手冊（附錄）第 11 頁
司法院大法官解釋（一）（98年10月版）第 343-344 頁
相關法條：民法 第 866 條 ( 19.12.26 )
解 釋 文：
所有人於其不動產上設定抵押權後，復就同一不動產上與第三人設定典權，抵押權自不因此而受影響。抵押權人屆期未受清償，實行抵押權拍賣抵押物時，因有典權之存在，無人應買，或出價不足清償抵押債權，執行法院得除去典權負擔，重行估價拍賣。拍賣之結果，清償抵押債權有餘時，典權人之典價，對於登記在後之權利人，享有優先受償權。執行法院於發給權利移轉證書時，依職權通知地政機關塗銷其典權之登記。
理 由 書：
所有人於其不動產上設定抵押權後，復就同一不動產上與第三人設定典權，固為民法第八百六十六條所認許。但抵押權不因此而受影響，亦為同條但書所明定。此項設定在後之典權，倘有影響於抵押權，對於抵押權人不生效力。為兼顧抵押權人及典權人之利益，抵押權人屆期未受清償，實行抵押權拍賣抵押物時，因有典權之存在，無人應買，或出價不足清償抵押債權，執行法院始得除去典權負擔，重行估價拍賣。拍賣之結果，清償抵押債權有餘時，典權人之典價，對於登記在後之權利人，享有優先受償權。執行法院於發給權利移轉證書時，依職權通知地政機關塗銷其典權之登記。本院院字第一四四六號解釋，應予補充釋明。
J. Y. Interpretation No.119
Date 1967.02.01
Issue
The owner first has his immovable property mortgaged, and then creates a dien thereon. Shall the mortgagee or dien-holder have priority of claim to the proceeds from sale of said immovable property?
Holding
When an owner mortgages his land first, then places a dien[1] on the land later, the mortgage interest is not affected by the subsequently recorded dien. Should the mortgagee be in default and an auction be held,however, due to the existence of the dien, no bidder of a price sufficient to discharge the mortgage can be found, the court may order that the dien be removed and a second sale be held. If, after satisfying the mortgage,any surplus remains from the proceeds from auction, the dien-holder shall have priority right for claim to the surplus over any subsequently recorded interests. The court conducting the auction, when issuing title transfer documents, shall notify the agency in charge of land administration to erase the recordation of dien of the land.
Reasoning
Article 866 of the Civil Code permitted an owner to mortgage his land first, then place a dien on the land later. But a proviso of the same Article also stated that the mortgage interest would not be affected. The latter created a dien on the land, but if it jeopardized the mortgage interest in any way, it should not have any force on the mortgagee at all. To reconcile the interests of the mortgagee and dien-holder, should a mortgagee be in default and an auction be held, however, due to the existence of the dien, no bidder of a price sufficient to discharge the mortgage can be found, the court may order that the dien be removed and a second sale be held. If, after satisfying the mortgage, any surplus remains from the proceeds from the auction, the dien-holder shall have priority right for claim to the surplus over any subsequently recorded interests. The court conducting the auction, when issuing title transfer documents, shall notify the agency in charge of land administration to erase the recordation of dien of the land. We hereby elaborate on the J.Y. Interpretation Yuan-tse No.1446. Note:[1] A dien is a unique form of transferring the immovable property’s title as security in the traditional Chinese legal system and has been accepted as a part of Civil Code governing the rights over things, under which the dien-maker (owner) in consideration of a price usually at 50% of the actual value of the immovable property, transfers title and possession of the object to the dien-holder and reserves for himself a naked right of redemption upon paying back the price so received with no interest within the period as agreed thereto by the parties, but under no circumstances may the period exceed 30 years. For details, refer to the Civil Code, Book of Rights over Things, Articles 911-927.
Translated by Robert Huai-Ching Tsai.
解釋字號：釋字第 119 號
解釋日期：民國 56 年 02 月 01 日
解釋爭點：同一不動產上設定抵押權後復設定典權，若拍賣所得不足清償抵押債權時，得否除去典權，重行估價拍賣？
資料來源：司法院大法官會議解釋彙編 第 280 頁
法院辦理民事執行實務參考手冊（附錄）第 11 頁
司法院大法官解釋（一）（98年10月版）第 343-344 頁
相關法條：民法 第 866 條 ( 19.12.26 )
解 釋 文：
所有人於其不動產上設定抵押權後，復就同一不動產上與第三人設定典權，抵押權自不因此而受影響。抵押權人屆期未受清償，實行抵押權拍賣抵押物時，因有典權之存在，無人應買，或出價不足清償抵押債權，執行法院得除去典權負擔，重行估價拍賣。拍賣之結果，清償抵押債權有餘時，典權人之典價，對於登記在後之權利人，享有優先受償權。執行法院於發給權利移轉證書時，依職權通知地政機關塗銷其典權之登記。
理 由 書：
所有人於其不動產上設定抵押權後，復就同一不動產上與第三人設定典權，固為民法第八百六十六條所認許。但抵押權不因此而受影響，亦為同條但書所明定。此項設定在後之典權，倘有影響於抵押權，對於抵押權人不生效力。為兼顧抵押權人及典權人之利益，抵押權人屆期未受清償，實行抵押權拍賣抵押物時，因有典權之存在，無人應買，或出價不足清償抵押債權，執行法院始得除去典權負擔，重行估價拍賣。拍賣之結果，清償抵押債權有餘時，典權人之典價，對於登記在後之權利人，享有優先受償權。執行法院於發給權利移轉證書時，依職權通知地政機關塗銷其典權之登記。本院院字第一四四六號解釋，應予補充釋明。
J. Y. Interpretation No.119
Date 1967.02.01
Issue
The owner first has his immovable property mortgaged, and then creates a dien thereon. Shall the mortgagee or dien-holder have priority of claim to the proceeds from sale of said immovable property?
Holding
When an owner mortgages his land first, then places a dien[1] on the land later, the mortgage interest is not affected by the subsequently recorded dien. Should the mortgagee be in default and an auction be held,however, due to the existence of the dien, no bidder of a price sufficient to discharge the mortgage can be found, the court may order that the dien be removed and a second sale be held. If, after satisfying the mortgage,any surplus remains from the proceeds from auction, the dien-holder shall have priority right for claim to the surplus over any subsequently recorded interests. The court conducting the auction, when issuing title transfer documents, shall notify the agency in charge of land administration to erase the recordation of dien of the land.
Reasoning
Article 866 of the Civil Code permitted an owner to mortgage his land first, then place a dien on the land later. But a proviso of the same Article also stated that the mortgage interest would not be affected. The latter created a dien on the land, but if it jeopardized the mortgage interest in any way, it should not have any force on the mortgagee at all. To reconcile the interests of the mortgagee and dien-holder, should a mortgagee be in default and an auction be held, however, due to the existence of the dien, no bidder of a price sufficient to discharge the mortgage can be found, the court may order that the dien be removed and a second sale be held. If, after satisfying the mortgage, any surplus remains from the proceeds from the auction, the dien-holder shall have priority right for claim to the surplus over any subsequently recorded interests. The court conducting the auction, when issuing title transfer documents, shall notify the agency in charge of land administration to erase the recordation of dien of the land. We hereby elaborate on the J.Y. Interpretation Yuan-tse No.1446. Note:[1] A dien is a unique form of transferring the immovable property’s title as security in the traditional Chinese legal system and has been accepted as a part of Civil Code governing the rights over things, under which the dien-maker (owner) in consideration of a price usually at 50% of the actual value of the immovable property, transfers title and possession of the object to the dien-holder and reserves for himself a naked right of redemption upon paying back the price so received with no interest within the period as agreed thereto by the parties, but under no circumstances may the period exceed 30 years. For details, refer to the Civil Code, Book of Rights over Things, Articles 911-927.
Translated by Robert Huai-Ching Tsai.
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