重要實務
【高雄-帝謙法律事務所/土地重要實務(11)】各共有人就其公同共有房地之應有部分得設定抵押權。
2014.3.4 高雄律師-楊岡儒律師
發文單位：司法院
解釋字號：釋字第141號
解釋日期：民國63年12月13日
解釋爭點：各共有人得否就公同共有房地之應有部分設定抵押權？
資料來源：司法院大法官會議解釋彙編 第 387 頁
司法院大法官解釋（一）（98年10月版）第 472-475 頁
相關法條：民法 第 819 條 ( 19.12.26 )
解 釋 文：
共有之房地，如非基於公同關係而共有，則各共有人自得就其應有部分設定抵押權。
理由書：
按「各共有人得自由處分其應有部分」，為民法第八百十九條第一項所明定。除基於公同關係而共有者另有規定外，如共有物為不動產，各共有人本於前開規定，既得自由處分其應有部分，則遇有不移轉占有而供擔保之必要時，自得就其應有部分設定抵押權。至於同條第二項所謂「共有物之處分、變更、及設定負擔，應得全體共有人之同意」，係指共有人以共有物為處分、變更、或設定負擔之標的，並非就各共有人之應有部分而言。此比照第一項得自由處之規定，法意至為明顯。本院院字第一五一六號解釋，應予補充釋明。
J. Y. Interpretation No.141
Date 1974.12.13
Issue
In case a real property is held by the co-owners, does a co-owner have the right to mortgage his share of title to the property without the consent of the other co-owner?
Holding
Each co-owner of a building or land may create a mortgage on his share of the property if such co-ownership is not based on a joint relationship among the co-owners.
Reasoning
Article 819, Paragraph 1 of the Civil Code provides that "each co-owner may freely dispose of his own share." Where the common property is a real property, with the exception of co-ownership based on a joint relationship which is otherwise governed by law, each co-owner is free to dispose of his share of the property under the foregoing provision and is consequently free to create a mortgage on such portion of the property if he deems it necessary to do so to provide security without transferring the possession of the property. In contrast, the second paragraph of the same article reads: "Any disposal of and alteration to, and the creation of any encumbrance on, a common property can only be made with the consent of all co-owners." This provision is meant to apply to the situation where the [entire] property is made the object to be disposed of or altered or charged with an encumbrance by any of the co-owners, rather than referring to the portion of the property shared by any individual co-owner. A comparison between the texts of the two paragraphs will clearly show the true meaning of the law. Our view expressed in Interpretation Yuan-tze No. 1516 is hereby further supplemented.
Translated by Raymond C. Chu.
解釋字號：釋字第141號
解釋日期：民國63年12月13日
解釋爭點：各共有人得否就公同共有房地之應有部分設定抵押權？
資料來源：司法院大法官會議解釋彙編 第 387 頁
司法院大法官解釋（一）（98年10月版）第 472-475 頁
相關法條：民法 第 819 條 ( 19.12.26 )
解 釋 文：
共有之房地，如非基於公同關係而共有，則各共有人自得就其應有部分設定抵押權。
理由書：
按「各共有人得自由處分其應有部分」，為民法第八百十九條第一項所明定。除基於公同關係而共有者另有規定外，如共有物為不動產，各共有人本於前開規定，既得自由處分其應有部分，則遇有不移轉占有而供擔保之必要時，自得就其應有部分設定抵押權。至於同條第二項所謂「共有物之處分、變更、及設定負擔，應得全體共有人之同意」，係指共有人以共有物為處分、變更、或設定負擔之標的，並非就各共有人之應有部分而言。此比照第一項得自由處之規定，法意至為明顯。本院院字第一五一六號解釋，應予補充釋明。
J. Y. Interpretation No.141
Date 1974.12.13
Issue
In case a real property is held by the co-owners, does a co-owner have the right to mortgage his share of title to the property without the consent of the other co-owner?
Holding
Each co-owner of a building or land may create a mortgage on his share of the property if such co-ownership is not based on a joint relationship among the co-owners.
Reasoning
Article 819, Paragraph 1 of the Civil Code provides that "each co-owner may freely dispose of his own share." Where the common property is a real property, with the exception of co-ownership based on a joint relationship which is otherwise governed by law, each co-owner is free to dispose of his share of the property under the foregoing provision and is consequently free to create a mortgage on such portion of the property if he deems it necessary to do so to provide security without transferring the possession of the property. In contrast, the second paragraph of the same article reads: "Any disposal of and alteration to, and the creation of any encumbrance on, a common property can only be made with the consent of all co-owners." This provision is meant to apply to the situation where the [entire] property is made the object to be disposed of or altered or charged with an encumbrance by any of the co-owners, rather than referring to the portion of the property shared by any individual co-owner. A comparison between the texts of the two paragraphs will clearly show the true meaning of the law. Our view expressed in Interpretation Yuan-tze No. 1516 is hereby further supplemented.
Translated by Raymond C. Chu.
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